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1945—U.S. troops land in Okinawa, Japan
1834—Frederic-Auguste Bertholdi, Statue of Liberty sculptor, is born
1917—President Wilson asks for Declaration of War against Germany
1805—Hans Christian Andersen, fairy tale author, is born
1948—President Harry S. Truman signs into law the European Recovery Program (known as the Marshall Plan)
1873—Susan B. Anthony asks, “Is it a Crime for a U.S. Citizen to Vote”?
1822—Edward Everett Hale, abolitionist & short story writer, born
1968—Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
1928—Maya Angelou, American poet, is born
1949—North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) founded
1614—John Rolfe and Pocahontas marry in the English colony of Jamestown, Virginia
1856—Booker T. Washington born
1917—U.S. declares war on Germany, enters World War I
1862—Battle of Shiloh
1917—Billie Holiday born
1770—William Wordsworth born
1889—Gabriela Mistral (Lucila Godoy y Alcayaga) Chilean poet, is born
1935—Works Progress Administration approved by Congress
1982—Holocaust Remembrance Day
1952—President Truman seizes control of the steel industry to avoid strike
1812—Charles Baudelaire is born
1865—Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses Grant at Appomattox
1939—Marian Anderson sings at Lincoln Memorial
1925—F. Scott Fitzgerald publishes The Great Gatsby
1933—Civilian Conservation Corps established by FDR
1898—President William McKinley asks Congress for a declaration of war against Spain
1968—President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1968
1945—U.S. forces liberate Buchenwald concentration camp
1861—Civil War begins at Fort Sumter in Charleston, SC
1633—Galileo Galilei put on trial by the Inquisition
1777—American Statesman Henry Clay born
1939—Seamus Heaney, Irish poet, is born
1909—Eudora Welty, American author, is born
1743—Thomas Jefferson, American President, is born
1876—Frederick Douglass delivers speech at Freedman’s Monument
1865—President Lincoln is shot
1939—John Steinbeck’s “The Grapes of Wrath” is published
1452—Leonardo da Vinci, Italian artist and inventor, is born
1862—For the first time, Emily Dickinson sends her poems to T.W. Higginson, for review
1889—Thomas Hart Benton, American painter, is born
1947—The term "Cold War" is coined by Bernard Baruch
1963—Martin Luther King publishes his Letter from a Birmingham Jail
1897—Thornton Wilder born
1790—Benjamin Franklin dies at 84
1775—Paul Revere & William Dawes warn "the British are coming!"
1942—Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle leads 16 B-25s on bombing raid on Tokyo, Japan
2002—Poem in Your Pocket Day
1943—Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
1775—Battle of Lexington and Concord—American Revolution
1897—1st Boston Marathon run
1841—First detective story, "The Murders in the Rue Morgue," published by Edgar Allen Poe
1893—Artist Joan Miró is born
753—Rome founded (BCE)
1816—English writer Charlotte Bronte is born
1836—Texas wins independence from Mexico
1451—Isabella I of Castile, Queen of Spain (1479–1504) and patron of Christopher Columbus, is born
1994—Former President Richard Nixon dies
1616—William Shakespeare dies
1564—William Shakespeare born
1616—Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra burial
1947—Willa Cather dies
1800—Library of Congress established
1918—Ella Fitzgerald, "first lady of song," born
1719—Daniel Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" published
121—Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor and author of Meditations, is born
1607—Jamestown colonists land at Cape Henry, VA
1785—John James Audubon, French-American ornithologist, naturalist, and painter, is born
1791—Samuel Morse, American inventor, is born
1822—President Ulysses S. Grant is born
1926—Harper Lee, author of "To Kill a Mockingbird," is born
1758—James Monroe born
1899—Duke Ellington born
1975—End of Vietnam War
1996—El día de los niños/El día de los libros (Children’s Day/Book Day)
1803—Lousiana Purchase Treaty signed