Norman Rockwell, American illustrator, is born

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  Lesson Plan / Art & Culture

  Norman Rockwell, Freedom of Speech—Know It When You See It

  This lesson plan highlights the importance of First Amendment rights by examining Norman Rockwell’s painting of The Four Freedoms. Students discover the First Amendment in action as they explore their own community and country through newspapers, art, and role playing.

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15th Amendment, granting black men suffrage, ratified

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  Lesson Plan / History & Social Studies

  Lesson 1: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of War

  This lesson covers two essential aspects of Reconstruction: the condition of the southern states at the close of the war and Lincoln’s plan for restoring them to the Union. In examining the conditions of the southern states, students consider both the physical conditions (i.e., the impact of the devastation of war) and the political condition of these states (i.e., what was the proper relationship between southern states and the Union upon their surrender at Appomattox?)

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  Lesson Plan / History & Social Studies

  Lesson 2: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Politics of Reconstruction

  In reviewing events, documentary evidence, and biographical information, students come to understand the complex nature of political decision-making in the United States. In this lesson, they consider the momentous questions facing the country during the Reconstruction debate by weighing the many factors that went into the solutions offered. Students also think critically as they consider whether and how other solutions might have played out.

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  Lesson Plan / History & Social Studies

  Lesson 3: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of Reconstruction

  In this lesson, students examine the development of new constitutions in the reconstructed South. They also consider the political and social realities created by a dramatically changed electorate. In gaining a firmer grasp of the causes for the shifting alliances of this time, students see how far-reaching the consequences of the Civil War and Reconstruction era were and how much these events continue to shape our collective destiny today.

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  Lesson Plan / History & Social Studies

  The Emancipation Proclamation: Freedom's First Steps

  Why was the Emancipation Proclamation important? While the Civil War began as a war to restore the Union, not to end slavery, by 1862 President Abraham Lincoln came to believe that he could save the Union only by broadening the goals of the war. Students can explore the obstacles and alternatives America faced in making the journey toward "a more perfect Union."

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American modernist Gertrude Stein born