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1892—Ellis Island Immigrant Station officially opens
1831—William Lloyd Garrison founds abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator
1863—The Emancipation Proclamation goes into effect.
1920—Russian-born science fiction writer Isaac Asimov born
1897—American writer Stephen Crane survives the sinking of The Commodore off the coast of Florida
1841—Herman Melville boards the New Bedford whaleship the Acushnet bound for the South Pacific
—Marcus Tullius Cicero, Roman statesman & author, is born (BCE)
1959—Alaska becomes 49th State
1965—Poet T.S. Eliot dies
1965—President Johnson outlines goals of his “Great Society” in State of the Union
1785—Jakob Grimm, German collector of fairy tales, is born
1949—Harry Truman promises a “Fair Deal” to Americans
1905—The National Audubon Society founded
1412—Saint Joan of Arc is born
1878—Carl Sandburg, American poet, historian, and folklorist, is born
1941—President Franklin Roosevelt delivers the Four Freedoms speech
1610—Galileo discovers first three Jupiter satellites
1830—Albert Bierstadt, landscape painter, is born
1891—Zora Neale Hurston, African-American novelist, is born
1935—American singer Elvis Presley born
1981—Chilean writer Isabel Allende begins “House of the Spirits”
1790—Washington delivers first State of the Union Address in New York City
1906—Paul Laurence Dunbar, African-American poet & novelist, dies
1913—Richard M. Nixon born
1324—Marco Polo, Venetian merchant and world traveller, dies
1941—FDR introduces Lend-Lease Program
1912—Bread & Roses Strike begins
1776—Thomas Paine’s pamphlet, “Common Sense,” published anonymously
1757—American statesman Alexander Hamilton born in the West Indies
1876—Jack London, American author, journalist, and social activist, is born
1588—John Winthrop, founder of Massachusetts Bay Colony, born
1930—“Mickey Mouse” comic strip appears for the first time
1784—Revolutionary War ends; Congress ratifies the Treaty of Paris
1898—Charles L. Dodgson, better known as Lewis Carroll, dies
1559—Elizabeth I crowned queen of England
1929—Martin Luther King Jr., activist & civil rights leader, is born
1933—Novelist Ernest Gaines born
1605—Book One of Don Quixote by Cervantes, is published
1919—18th Amendment becomes law
1961—President Eisenhower warns of danger of military industrial complex
1706—Ben Franklin born
1961—President Dwight Eisenhower gives his Farewell Address to the nation
1782—American statesman Daniel Webster born
1803—President Jefferson requests funding from Congress for Lewis & Clark expedition
1882—A.A. Milne, English writer of Winnie-the-Pooh series, is born; “Winnie-the-Pooh” Day
1809—Edgar Allan Poe, American writer, poet, editor, and literary critic, is born
1839—French painter Paul Cézanne born
1807—General Robert E. Lee born
1961—JFK inauguration
1869—Women’s rights advocate Elizabeth Cady Stanton becomes first woman to testify before Congress
1824—Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson, one of Robert E. Lee’s generals, born
1950—Alger Hiss convicted of perjury
2013—Martin Luther King Day (USA)
1788—Lord Byron, English Romantic poet, is born
1938—“Our Town,” Pulitzer winning play by Thornton Wilder, is performed for the first time
1973—Supreme Court, in Roe v. Wade, holds right to privacy includes abortion decision
1930—Poet Derek Walcott born
1594—First known performance of a Shakespeare play, Titus Andronicus
1862—Edith Wharton, American novelist, short story writer, and designer, is born
1993—Death of first African American Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall
1965—Death of Sir Winston Churchill British statesman
1882—Virginia Woolf, British writer, is born
1934—The Apollo Theatre opens in New York City
1950—India proclaims itself a republic
1838—Abraham Lincoln delivers Lyceum Address
1832—Lewis Carroll, English author, is born
1827—Nakahama Manjirō (中濱 万次郎) the first Japanese national to emigrate to America, born
1912—American painter Jackson Pollock born
1962—A Wrinkle in Time is published
1916—Louis Brandeis nominated to Supreme Court
1737—Thomas Paine is born
1963—Robert Frost, American poet, dies; epitaph reads: “I had a lover's quarrel with the world”
1882—Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd U.S. President, is born
1948—Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi assassinated
1919—Baseball player Jackie Robinson born
1865—The Houses passes constitutional amendment to abolish slavery