June 19

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg executed for espionage

June 19, 1952

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  • Lesson 1: Soviet Espionage in America
    Lesson Plan / History & Social Studies
    Lesson 1: Soviet Espionage in America

    The hunt for Communists in the United States clearly reached the point of hysteria by the early 1950s, but what is often overlooked is that it had its origins in a very real phenomenon. This lesson will expose students to recently declassified FBI documents and transcripts of the Rosenberg trial. It will encourage them to think seriously about the extent of the Soviet espionage network in America, thus setting the stage for a proper understanding of later hearings by the House Un-American Activities Committee and Joseph McCarthy.

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The world’s first nickelodeon opens in Pittsburgh showing the silent film, “The Great Train Robbery”

June 19, 1905

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Juneteenth -- Texas learns slavery has been abolished

June 19, 1865

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  • Lesson 1: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of War
    Lesson Plan / History & Social Studies
    Lesson 1: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of War

    This lesson covers two essential aspects of Reconstruction: the condition of the southern states at the close of the war and Lincoln’s plan for restoring them to the Union. In examining the conditions of the southern states, students consider both the physical conditions (i.e., the impact of the devastation of war) and the political condition of these states (i.e., what was the proper relationship between southern states and the Union upon their surrender at Appomattox?)

  • The Emancipation Proclamation: Freedom's First Steps
    Lesson Plan / History & Social Studies
    The Emancipation Proclamation: Freedom's First Steps

    Why was the Emancipation Proclamation important? While the Civil War began as a war to restore the Union, not to end slavery, by 1862 President Abraham Lincoln came to believe that he could save the Union only by broadening the goals of the war. Students can explore the obstacles and alternatives America faced in making the journey toward "a more perfect Union."